Sad Tux - Windows bias detected
This page contains Windows bias

About This Page

This page is part of the Azure documentation. It contains code examples and configuration instructions for working with Azure services.

Bias Analysis

Detected Bias Types
windows_first
powershell_heavy
windows_tools
missing_linux_example
Summary
The documentation demonstrates a Windows-first bias in several areas: Windows server requirements and permissions are described before Linux, with more detailed steps and troubleshooting. PowerShell remoting and Windows-specific tools (WMI, WinRM, domain accounts) are emphasized, and setup scripts for the Azure Migrate appliance are provided only as PowerShell scripts. SQL Server discovery is only supported on Windows, with no Linux support or examples. Web app discovery for ASP.NET is Windows-only, while Linux support is limited and less detailed. Linux instructions are present but often less detailed, with some advanced permission setups but lacking parity in troubleshooting and examples.
Recommendations
  • Provide Linux setup scripts (e.g., Bash) for appliance deployment, not just PowerShell.
  • Present Linux and Windows instructions in parallel, giving equal detail and order.
  • Add troubleshooting steps and permission configuration examples for Linux, matching the depth given to Windows (e.g., UAC/WMI troubleshooting equivalents for Linux sudo/capabilities).
  • Clarify feature parity: explicitly state when features are Windows-only and provide roadmaps or alternatives for Linux (e.g., SQL Server discovery on Linux).
  • Include Linux examples for web app discovery (e.g., Apache/Nginx/PHP), not just Tomcat, and provide more detailed steps for supported Linux scenarios.
  • Where possible, avoid assuming domain environments or Windows authentication as the default; provide equivalent Linux authentication and access patterns.
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Scan History

Date Scan Status Result
2026-01-14 00:00 #250 in_progress Biased Biased
2026-01-13 00:00 #246 completed Biased Biased
2026-01-11 00:00 #240 completed Biased Biased
2026-01-10 00:00 #237 completed Biased Biased
2026-01-09 00:34 #234 completed Biased Biased
2026-01-08 00:53 #231 completed Biased Biased
2026-01-06 18:15 #225 cancelled Clean Clean
2025-09-16 00:00 #113 completed Clean Clean
2025-09-15 00:00 #112 completed Clean Clean
2025-09-14 00:00 #111 completed Clean Clean
2025-09-13 00:00 #110 completed Clean Clean
2025-09-12 00:00 #109 completed Clean Clean
2025-09-11 00:00 #108 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-11 00:00 #77 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-10 00:00 #76 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-09 00:00 #75 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-08 00:00 #74 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-07 00:00 #73 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-06 00:00 #72 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-05 00:00 #71 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-03 00:00 #69 completed Clean Clean
2025-08-01 00:00 #67 completed Clean Clean
2025-07-19 13:51 #54 completed Clean Clean
2025-07-13 21:37 #48 completed Biased Biased
2025-07-12 23:44 #41 cancelled Biased Biased
2025-07-09 13:09 #3 cancelled Clean Clean
2025-07-08 04:23 #2 cancelled Biased Biased

Flagged Code Snippets

  -- Create a login to run the assessment
  use master;
  DECLARE @SID NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
  CREATE LOGIN [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT] FROM WINDOWS;
  SELECT @SID = N'0x'+CONVERT(NVARCHAR, sid, 2) FROM sys.syslogins where name = 'MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT'
  IF (ISNULL(@SID,'') != '')
    PRINT N'Created login [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT] with SID = ' + @SID
  ELSE
    PRINT N'Login creation failed'
  GO    

  -- Create user in every database other than tempdb, model, and secondary AG databases (with connection_type = ALL) and provide minimal read-only permissions.
  USE master;
  EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb '
    USE [?];
    IF (''?'' NOT IN (''tempdb'',''model''))
    BEGIN
      DECLARE @is_secondary_replica BIT = 0;
      IF CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(''ProductVersion'') AS VARCHAR), 4) AS INT) >= 11
      BEGIN
        DECLARE @innersql NVARCHAR(MAX);
        SET @innersql = N''
          SELECT @is_secondary_replica = IIF(
            EXISTS (
                SELECT 1
                FROM sys.availability_replicas a
                INNER JOIN sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states b
                ON a.replica_id = b.replica_id
                WHERE b.is_local = 1
                AND b.is_primary_replica = 0
                AND a.secondary_role_allow_connections = 2
                AND b.database_id = DB_ID()
            ), 1, 0
          );
        '';
        EXEC sp_executesql @innersql, N''@is_secondary_replica BIT OUTPUT'', @is_secondary_replica OUTPUT;
      END
      IF (@is_secondary_replica = 0)
      BEGIN
        CREATE USER [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT] FOR LOGIN [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
        GRANT SELECT ON sys.sql_expression_dependencies TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
        GRANT VIEW DATABASE STATE TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
      END
    END'
  GO

  -- Provide server level read-only permissions
  use master;
  GRANT SELECT ON sys.sql_expression_dependencies TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT EXECUTE ON OBJECT::sys.xp_regenumkeys TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT EXECUTE ON OBJECT::sys.xp_instance_regread TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT VIEW DATABASE STATE TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT VIEW ANY DEFINITION TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GO

  -- Provide msdb specific permissions
  use msdb;
  GRANT EXECUTE ON [msdb].[dbo].[agent_datetime] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[syssubsystems] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobhistory] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[syscategories] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmaintplan_plans] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[syscollector_collection_sets] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmail_profile] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmail_profileaccount] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmail_account] TO [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  GO
  
  -- Clean up
  --use master;
  -- EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'USE [?]; DROP USER [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT]'
  -- DROP LOGIN [MYDOMAIN\MYACCOUNT];
  --GO
  
  --- Create a login to run the assessment
  use master;
  -- NOTE: SQL instances that host replicas of Always On availability groups must use the same SID for the SQL login.
    -- After the account is created in one of the members, copy the SID output from the script and include this value
    -- when executing against the remaining replicas.
    -- When the SID needs to be specified, add the value to the @SID variable definition below.
  DECLARE @SID NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
  IF (@SID = N'')
  BEGIN
    CREATE LOGIN [evaluator]
        WITH PASSWORD = '<provide a strong password>'
  END
  ELSE
  BEGIN
    DECLARE @SQLString NVARCHAR(500) = 'CREATE LOGIN [evaluator]
      WITH PASSWORD = ''<provide a strong password>''
      , SID = ' + @SID
    EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQLString
  END
  SELECT @SID = N'0x'+CONVERT(NVARCHAR(100), sid, 2) FROM sys.syslogins where name = 'evaluator'
  IF (ISNULL(@SID,'') != '')
    PRINT N'Created login [evaluator] with SID = '''+ @SID +'''. If this instance hosts any Always On Availability Group replica, use this SID value when executing the script against the instances hosting the other replicas'
  ELSE
    PRINT N'Login creation failed'
  GO
  
  -- Create user in every database other than tempdb, model, and secondary AG databases (with connection_type = ALL) and provide minimal read-only permissions.
  USE master;
  EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb '
    USE [?];
    IF (''?'' NOT IN (''tempdb'',''model''))
    BEGIN
      DECLARE @is_secondary_replica BIT = 0;
      IF CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(''ProductVersion'') AS VARCHAR), 4) AS INT) >= 11
      BEGIN
        DECLARE @innersql NVARCHAR(MAX);
        SET @innersql = N''
          SELECT @is_secondary_replica = IIF(
            EXISTS (
              SELECT 1
              FROM sys.availability_replicas a
              INNER JOIN sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states b
                ON a.replica_id = b.replica_id
              WHERE b.is_local = 1
                AND b.is_primary_replica = 0
                AND a.secondary_role_allow_connections = 2
                AND b.database_id = DB_ID()
            ), 1, 0
          );
        '';
        EXEC sp_executesql @innersql, N''@is_secondary_replica BIT OUTPUT'', @is_secondary_replica OUTPUT;
      END

      IF (@is_secondary_replica = 0)
      BEGIN
          CREATE USER [evaluator] FOR LOGIN [evaluator];
          GRANT SELECT ON sys.sql_expression_dependencies TO [evaluator];
          GRANT VIEW DATABASE STATE TO [evaluator];
      END
    END'
  GO
  
  -- Provide server level read-only permissions
  USE master;
  GRANT SELECT ON sys.sql_expression_dependencies TO [evaluator];
  GRANT EXECUTE ON OBJECT::sys.xp_regenumkeys TO [evaluator];
  GRANT EXECUTE ON OBJECT::sys.xp_instance_regread TO [evaluator];
  GRANT VIEW DATABASE STATE TO [evaluator];
  GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO [evaluator];
  GRANT VIEW ANY DEFINITION TO [evaluator];
  GO
  
  -- Provide msdb specific permissions
  USE msdb;
  GRANT EXECUTE ON [msdb].[dbo].[agent_datetime] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[syssubsystems] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobhistory] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[syscategories] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmaintplan_plans] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[syscollector_collection_sets] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmail_profile] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmail_profileaccount] TO [evaluator];
  GRANT SELECT ON [msdb].[dbo].[sysmail_account] TO [evaluator];
  GO
  
  -- Clean up
  --use master;
  -- EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'USE [?]; BEGIN TRY DROP USER [evaluator] END TRY BEGIN CATCH PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE() END CATCH;'
  -- BEGIN TRY DROP LOGIN [evaluator] END TRY BEGIN CATCH PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE() END CATCH;
  --GO